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ISSN: 1695-2294 (web edition); ISSN: 0212-9728 (print edition)
1998, volume 14, issue # 1 (june), pp. 1-135

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Index

Special volume: Psychology and Old Age (Part I)  
 

  • NAVALÓN VILA, C.: Psychology and Old Age. Presentation of this Special Volume. (1998, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 1-2)
    mail address  Full text in pdf
  • MEDINA, M.E., FERNÁNDEZ, J., FUENTES, M., HERNÁNDEZ, M. PÉREZ, JIMÉNEZ CARREÑO, E., VIGUERAS TÓRTOLA, M.A., BASTIDA MARTÍNEZ, M.J., ZAMBUDIO PÉREZ, A.M. y SOLER GARCÍA, E.: Evaluation of the impact in family of users of the service of he/she helps to home. (1998, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 105-125)
    Abstract, key words, and mail address  Full text in pdf


1998, volume 14, issue # 1

Abstracts   

Special volume: Psychology and Old Age (Part I)  

  • NAVALÓN VILA, C.: Psychology and Old Age. Presentation of this Special Volume. (1998, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 1-2) 
  • Mail address: Conrado Navalón Vila. Deptº de Psicología Básica y Metodología. Universidad de Murcia. Campus de Espinardo (Edif. "Luis Vives"). Aptdo. correos 4021, 30080 Murcia (Spain). E-Mail: conrado@fcu.um.es
     
     
  • SÁIZ, D., BAQUÉS, J. y SÁIZ, M.: An overview of research on psychology of aging. A bibliometric analysis (1991-1995). (1998, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 3-11) 
  • Resumen: During the last years the number of researches done in the field of Psychology of aging has rapidly increased. The aim of the present work is to show the results of a bibliometric analysis of the research done on that subject during the last years (1991-1995) using Psyclit as database. The descriptors like "aged", "aging", "old" and "elder", which previously have been found to be very related to that issue, where used as keywords.
    16.833 articles (1991 = 3243, 1992 = 3512, 1993 = 3490, 1994 = 3576, 1995 = 3011) have been analysed for that period, 8 to 10 % of the whole number of publications of the database, a result which shows clearly the importance of the Psychology of aging in current psychology. Of the whole number of 33.000 authors that have published in this field during the five-year period, the most productive ones are mencioned, as well as the journals containing most of these works. Finally an analysis of topics offers a view about the most treated subjects in that field. 

    Key words:Aged; aging; Psychology of Aging; bibliometric studies. 

    Mail address: Dolors Sáiz. Departamento de Psicología Básica. Laboratorio de Memoria. Universidad Autónoma de BarcelonaApartado 29, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona (Spain). E-Mail: d.saiz@cc.uab.es 


     
    MOÑIVAS, A.: Old age representation (decrease and growth models). (1998, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 13-25) 

  • Abstract: Our knowlege about old age is a finite representation of one aspect of reality -aging as a process of the life cycle along all its dimensions- assumed to be finite. Science, developed and based on the scientific method, is just one approched to knowledge. The scientific method is any method that respect the objetivity, intelligibility and dialectic principles (we are being dialectic when we take the risk of having our knowledge knocked down by experience). Moreover, science, as an element of culture, must take the latter as a variable. From this perspective, and drawing inspiration from professor Forteza's work (1993), cognitive and social representations implicit in everyday Psychology and scientific theories are analyzed. We raise questions concerning the reason why the decrease models have prevailed despite development means not only growth and decline but also optimization and adaptability to t he degree of competence along one's course of life. Finally, we make a critique of the theoretical approach of successful aging, as success is still defined, to a great extent, by what the theories prescrib.

    Key words: Representation; social representations of old age; dialectic; culture; decrease models; growth models; successful aging. 

    Mail address: Agustín Moñivas. Dpto. de Psicología Básica II: Procesos Cognitivos. Facultad de Psicología. Campus de Somosaguas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 28023 Madrid (Spain). E-mail: pscog18@emducms1.sis.ucm.es
     
     

  • ROMÁN LAPUENTE, F. y SÁNCHEZ NAVARRO, J.P.: Neuropsychological changes associated with normal aging (1998, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 27-43) 
  • Abstract: In this review we offer a neuropsychological framework for neurobiologic and cognitive changes in aging. Now a days, the issue is if cognitive changes are due to the aging or, by contrast, are associated to different health conditions appearing more frequently in older persons. In general, the literature reviewed suggests that aging is associated to morphologic, physiologic and biochemical changes. In the same way, although several decline has been identified in normal cognitive functioning, this dosen't affect every processes in the same way, and it is related, primarily, to difficulties on memory and speed of cognitive processing.

    Key words: Neuropsychology, aging, cognitive processes. 

    Mail address: Francisco Román Lapuente. Unidad de Neuropsicología. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Edif. "Luis Vives". Apdo. 4021, 30080 Murcia (Spain).
    E-mail: froman@fcu.um.es
     

  • REDOLAT, R. y CARRASCO, M.C.: Is brain plasticity a critical factor in the treatment of cognitive alterations associated with aging? (1998, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 45-53) 
  • Abstract: In this paper we present a critical approach to one of the subjects of special interest in the ambit of neurosciences. Recent investigations have attempted to establish whether the modification and potentiation of brain plasticity could be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of cognitive deficits related to normal aging and to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer´s disease. The question we try to answer is whether the cognitive decline could be ameliorated or even prevented with strategies based on the ability of the Central Nervous System for plasticity, an ability that is believed to be maintained until an advanced age. Our aim is to review the scientific evidence that seems to suggest that the answer to the question posed in the title of this paper could be affirmative in the sense that brain plasticity in response to several factors (health status, nutrition, physical activity, cognitive training…) would be a critical element in the achievement of a more healthy aging.

    Key words: Brain plasticity; Alzheimer´s disease; succesful aging; cognitive decline; intervention; training; physical activity

    Mail address: Rosa Redolat. Area de Psicobiología. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Valencia. Blasco Ibáñez, 21. 46010, Valencia (Spain).  E-mail: Rosa.Redolat@uv.es
     
     

  • POUSADA FERNÁNDEZ, M.: Deficient inhibition as an explanatory hypothesis of memory changes in the elderly. (1998, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 55-74) 
  • Abstract: One of the hypothesis proposed in order to explain age associated memory impairment accounts for the changes in memory processes in the elderly calling on inefficient inhibitory mechanisms. Accordingly with this point of view, efficiency in cognitive inhibition would decline with age, so that the elderly would be less able to maintain out of working memory irrelevant information or, as the goal of the task changes, to ignore no longer relevant thoughts or actions. The aim of our paper is to review the theoretical background and the main experimental results of this hypothesis from when it was proposed by Hasher and Zacks in 1988 up till now.

    Key words: Aging; memory impairment; inhibitory mechanisms; negative priming; working memory; selective attention. 

    Mail address: Modesta Pousada. Departamento de Psicología Básica. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Barcelona. Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 171. Barcelona 08035 (Spain). E-mail: mpousada@psi.ub.es
     

  • NIETO MUNUERA, J., ABAD MATEO, M.A. Y TORRES ORTUÑO, A.: The psychosocial mediating dimensions of the illness behaviour and quality of life in geriatric population. (1998, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 75-81) 
  • Abstract: We present a review of the main findings in several works about geriatric population, extracted from our studies. The objetives are focused in studying psychosocial variables that influence the behavior of the elderly people in health and illness, and the consecquences in quality of life. We discuss the presence of different behavior patterns in response to the illness, influenced as much as for psychological and sociodemographic variables.

    Key words: Illness behaviour, Quality of life, Geriatric population.

    Mail address: Joaquín Nieto Munuera. Deptº de Psiquiatría y Psicología Social. Universidad de Murcia, Hospital General Universitario. Apdo. 4021, 30080 Murcia (Spain). E-mail: jnietomu@fcu.um.es
     

  • PEINADO PORTERO, A.I. Y GARCÉS DE LOS FAYOS RUIZ, E.J.: Burnout among Alzheimer´s caregivers: the careless helping worker. (1998, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 83-93) 
  • Abstract: This article examines the emotional effects suffered by the familiar who assume the role of principal caregiver of Alzheimer's disease patients, and specially the "Burnout". This disturbance is manifested as a complex affective and motivational syndrome, which appears on those who carry out help tasks, and make them suffer different symptoms, such as emotional string, intercourse despersonalization and inadequance to the developed task. The care and constant attention that familiars must pay the patient along the disease phases, attending as helpless spectators the progressive and irreversible patient deterioration, often justifies the appearance of this syndrome. In this article we describe the variables which, from the social environment, familiar and personal, modulates the relationship between the caregiver and patient. Subsequently we analyse the absence of programs to prevention and intervention for mitigating this syndrome effects. Lastly, we conclude the necessity of implementing psychologists programs which establish adaptatives guidelines of confrontation and control along the different phases of this disease.

    Key words: Alzheimer´s Disease, Burnout, Caregiver Stress, Emotion 

    Mail address: Enrique Javier Garcés de Los Fayos Ruiz, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia (Campus de Espinardo, Edif. "Luis Vives"). Apartado 4021, 30080 Murcia (Spain). E-mail: garces@fcu.um.es
     

  • PÉREZ SALANOVA, M. y YANGUAS LEZAUN, J.J.: Dependency, elderly and families. From principles to interventions. (1998, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 95-104) 
  • Abstract: The tendency of the social policies to priorize the elderly care in the community and their incidence in the informal support activities, reinforce the interest to understand the dependence elderly care in the community and go deeply into those interventions wich allows the improvement of their quality of life.
    This paper presents different views and intervention lines related to the infformal care in dependence situations, remarking some questions wich demands a deeper view just to make the interventions be adequated to the complexity of the situations they treat.

    Key words: Dependency. Informal support. Intervention.

    Mail address: Mercè Pérez Salanova. Diputació de Barcelona. Londres, 55 3ª pl. 08036 Barcelona (Spain). E-mail: perezsm@diba.es 
     

  • MEDINA, M.E., FERNÁNDEZ, J., FUENTES, M., HERNÁNDEZ, M. PÉREZ, JIMÉNEZ CARREÑO, E., VIGUERAS TÓRTOLA, M.A., BASTIDA MARTÍNEZ, M.J., ZAMBUDIO PÉREZ, A.M. y SOLER GARCÍA, E.: Measuring the impact in family of users of the service of he/she helps to home. (1998, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 105-125)
     
  • Abstract: The problem of the aging is waking up restlessness as much in the Governments as among the investigators, and one of the aspects that more it worries it is the situation of the sick old men of long duration and those other ones that live alone or that its families cannot pay him the due, even attentions they have been created it programs of attention that offer domiciliary services, inside these services he/she is the Service of Help to Home that has the important objective of avoiding the I eradicate of the old men, the one that have to leave of their houses, providing them a series of domestic tasks, helping to the families in the hygiene and the user's personal cares and another type of tasks, however, in spite of having studied the process and development of this service, in this work an analysis is presented from the perspective of the relatives that you/they benefit of this benefit of direct form and insinuation. It is sought to measure the impact level that the service of help to home has provided them.

    Key words: Old men; family; helps to home; impact.

    Mail address: Manuel E. Medina Tornero. Area de Servicios Sociales. Deptº de Sociología y Servicios Sociales. Escuela de Trabajo Social. Universidad de Murcia. Campus de Espinardo (Edif. "Luis Vives") Aptdo. correos 4021, 30080 Murcia (Spain). E-mail: memedina@fcu.um.es

     

  • RODRÍGUEZ RIOBOO, F.: Old age and Death. (1998, vol. 14, nº 1, pp. 127-135)
  • Abstract: This article is a reflection from the standpoint of the history of ideas on how the collective outlook on death shapes the concept of old age. In first place, the complexity of the idea of death and the difficulties of defining it as an experience are presented. There follows and explanation based on Spanish Renaissance and Baroque texts of how the idea of death as the essential horizon of the elderly determines the traditional view of old age.
    In our modern times, the silencing and loss of the ontological value of death have suppressed its role as the basic reference of old age. The process of dying, surrounded by fears associated with an uncertain hospital death, has replaced death and the scatological fears it used to entail. Old age has become more flexible because sanctions arising from moral and religious codes have become hazy, and the cast-iron distinctions between age groups have disappeared. This more elastic old age is infused with a generalised but not risk-free principle of youth.

    Key words: History of ideas; concept of death; cultur of death; old age and death.

    Mail address: F. Rodríguez Rioboo. Dpto. de Psicología Básica II: Procesos Cognitivos. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Psicología, Campus de Somosaguas. 28023 Madrid (Spain).

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